Turkmen. Turkmen is a Turkic language of the Oghuz branch spoken by the Turkmens of Central Asia. It has an estimated 4.7 million native speakers in Turkmenistan, and a further 359,000 speakers in northeastern Iran and 1.2 million people in northwestern Afghanistan, where it has no official status. Turkmen is also spoken to lesser varying degrees in Turkmen communities of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and by diaspora communities, primarily in Turkey and Russia.
modern_languagenatural_languageAfghanistanIranPakistanTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan
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Uzbek. Uzbek is a Karluk Turkic language spoken by Uzbeks. It is the official and national language of Uzbekistan and formally succeeded Chagatai, an earlier Karluk language endonymically called T??rki or T??rk??e, as the literary language of Uzbekistan in the 1920s.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageAfghanistanChinaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanRussiaTajikistanTurkeyTurkmenistanUzbekistan
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Dari. Dari, also known as Farsi Dari, Dari Persian, Eastern Persian, or Afghan Persian, is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the Afghan government's official term for the Persian language; it is referred to as Afghan Persian or Eastern Persian in many Western sources. The decision to rename the local variety of Persian in 1964 was more political than linguistic to support an Afghan state narrative. Dari Persian is most closely related to Tajiki Persian as spoken in Tajikistan and the two share many phonological and lexical similarities. Apart from a few basics of vocabulary, there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and Iran; the languages are mutually intelligible. Dari is the official language for approximately 30.6 million people in Afghanistan and it serves as the common language for inter-ethnic communication in the country.
modern_languagenatural_languageAfghanistan
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Tuvaluan. Tuvaluan is a Polynesian language of the Ellicean group native to Tuvalu. It is more or less distantly related to all other Polynesian languages, such as Hawaiian, M??ori, Tahitian, Samoan, Tokelauan and Tongan, and most closely related to the languages spoken on the Polynesian Outliers in Micronesia and Northern and Central Melanesia. Tuvaluan has borrowed considerably from Samoan, the language of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
modern_languagenatural_languageTuvalu
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Balochi. Balochi is a Northwestern Iranian language, spoken by the Baloch people in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. In addition, there are speakers in Oman, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Turkmenistan, East Africa and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world. The total number of speakers, according to Ethnologue: Languages of the World, is 8.8 million. Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageAfghanistanIranPakistan
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Bislama. Bislama is an English-based creole language. It is the national language of Vanuatu, and one of the three official languages of the country, the other ones being English and French. Bislama is the first language of many of the "Urban ni-Vanuatu" and the second language of much of the rest of the country's residents. The lyrics of "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi", the country's national anthem, are composed in Bislama.
modern_languagenatural_languageFranceVanuatu
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Abkhaz. Abkhaz, also known as Abkhazian, is a Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abaza. It is spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is one of the official languages of Abkhazia, where around 190,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan, and several Western countries. 27 October is the day of the Abkhazian language in Georgia.
modern_languagenatural_languageGeorgiaIraqJordanRussiaSyriaTurkey
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Samoan. Samoan is a Polynesian language spoken by Samoans of the Samoan Islands. Administratively, the islands are split between the sovereign country of Samoa and the United States territory of American Samoa. It is an official language, alongside English, in both jurisdictions. It is widely spoken across the Pacific region, heavily so in New Zealand and in Australia and the United States. Among the Polynesian languages, Samoan is the most widely spoken by a number of native speakers.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaNew ZealandSamoa
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Tok Pisin. Tok Pisin, often referred to by English speakers as New Guinea Pidgin or simply Pidgin, is an English creole language spoken throughout Papua New Guinea. It is an official language of Papua New Guinea and the most widely used language in the country. In parts of the southern provinces of Western, Gulf, Central, Oro, and Milne Bay, the use of Tok Pisin has a shorter history and is less universal, especially among older people.
modern_languagenatural_languagePapua New Guinea
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Language
Hiri Motu. Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of its capital city, Port Moresby.
language2modern_languagePapua New Guinea
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Language
Papua New Guinean Sign Language. Papua New Guinean Sign Language (PNGSL) is a sign language originating from Papua New Guinea. The standardised form of PNGSL was made an official language of Papua New Guinea in 2015.
language2modern_languagePapua New Guinea
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Tongan. Tongan is an Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch native to the island nation of Tonga. It has around 187,000 speakers. It uses the word order verb???subject???object and, although primarily spoken, the written form uses Latin script.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaCanadaFijiNew ZealandTongaVanuatu
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Japanese. Japanese is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide.
modern_languagenatural_languageJapan
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Language
M??ori. M??ori is an Eastern Polynesian language and the language of the M??ori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. The southernmost member of the Austronesian language family, it is related to Cook Islands M??ori, Tuamotuan, and Tahitian. The M??ori Language Act 1987 gave the language recognition as one of New Zealand's official languages. There are regional dialects of the M??ori language. Prior to contact with Europeans, M??ori lacked a written language or script. Written M??ori now uses the Latin script, which was adopted and the spelling standardised by Northern M??ori in collaboration with English Protestant clergy in the 19th century.
modern_languagenatural_languageNew Zealand
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Seediq. Seediq, also known as Sediq and Truku, is an Atayalic language spoken in the mountains of Northern Taiwan by the Seediq and Taroko people.
modern_languagenatural_languageTaiwan
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Nauruan. Nauruan or Nauru is an Austronesian language, spoken natively in the island country of Nauru.
language2modern_languageNauru
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Marshallese. Marshallese, also known as Ebon, is a Micronesian language spoken in the Marshall Islands. The language of the Marshallese people, it is spoken by nearly all of the country's population of 59,000, making it the principal language. There are also roughly 27,000 Marshallese citizens residing in the United States, nearly all of whom speak Marshallese, as well as residents in other countries such as Nauru and Kiribati.
modern_languagenatural_languageMarshall IslandsNauruUnited States
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Gilbertese. Gilbertese, also known as Kiribati, is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in Kiribati. It belongs to the Micronesian branch of the Oceanic languages.
language2modern_languageKiribati
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New Zealand Sign Language. New Zealand Sign Language or NZSL is the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand. It became an official language of New Zealand in April 2006 under the New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006. The purpose of the act was to create rights and obligations in the use of NZSL throughout the legal system and to ensure that the Deaf community had the same access to government information and services as everybody else. According to the 2013 Census, over 20,000 New Zealanders know NZSL.
language2modern_languageNew Zealand
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Fijian. Fijian is an Austronesian language of the Malayo-Polynesian family spoken by some 350,000???450,000 ethnic Fijians as a native language. In the 2013 constitution, Fijian is a national language of Fiji, along with English, Standard Hindi, and Fiji Hindi. Fijian is a VOS language.
language2modern_languageFiji
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Language
Auslan. Auslan is the sign language used by the majority of the Australian Deaf community. Auslan is related to British Sign Language (BSL) and New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL); the three have descended from the same parent language, and together comprise the BANZSL language family. As with other sign languages, Auslan's grammar and vocabulary is quite different from spoken English. Its origin cannot be attributed to any individual; rather, it is a natural language that emerged spontaneously and has changed over time.
modern_languageAustralia
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Tetum. Tetun is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is one of the official languages of Timor-Leste and it is also spoken in Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which form the eastern part of Indonesian West Timor adjoining Timor-Leste.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaEast TimorIndonesiaPortugal
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Scottish Gaelic. Scottish Gaelic, also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongside both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaCanadaNew ZealandUnited KingdomUnited States
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British Sign Language. British Sign Language (BSL) is a sign language used in the United Kingdom and is the first or preferred language among the deaf community in the UK. Based on the percentage of people who reported 'using British Sign Language at home' on the 2011 Scottish Census, the British Deaf Association estimates there are 151,000 BSL users in the UK, of whom 87,000 are Deaf. People who are not deaf may also use BSL, as hearing relatives of deaf people, sign language interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British Deaf community. The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head.
modern_languageUnited Kingdom
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