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Punjabi. Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.

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Mandarin. Mandarin is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are natively spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers, spread over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in the northeast. Its spread is generally attributed to the overall greater ease of travel in the North China Plain compared to the more mountainous south, combined with the relatively recent spread of northern varieties to frontier areas. Many varieties of Mandarin, such as those of the Southwest and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the Beijing dialect. Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin varieties are found north of the Yangtze River, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese.

language2 Brunei China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Taiwan

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Vietnamese. Vietnamese is an Austroasiatic language primarily spoken in Vietnam where it is the official language. It belongs to the Vietic subgroup of the Austroasiatic language family. Vietnamese is spoken natively by around 86 million people, and as a second language by 11 million people, several times as many as the rest of the Austroasiatic family combined. It is the native language of the Viet people and functions as the second or first language for other ethnicities in Vietnam; it is also used by the Vietnamese diaspora worldwide.

modern_language natural_language China Vietnam

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Mongolian. Mongolian is the principal language of the Mongolic language family that originated in the Mongolian Plateau. It is spoken by ethnic Mongols and other closely related Mongolic peoples who are native to modern Mongolia and surrounding parts of East, Central and North Asia. Mongolian is the official language of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia and a recognized language of Xinjiang and Qinghai.

macrolanguage modern_language natural_language China Mongolia

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Korean. Korean is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea. In the south, the language is known as Hangugeo and in the north, it is known as Chos??n??. Since the turn of the 21st century, Korean popular culture has spread around the world through globalization and cultural exports. Korean uses the Hangul alphabet.

modern_language natural_language Canada China Japan Malaysia North Korea Russia South Korea United States

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Kyrgyz. Kyrgyz is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia. It is the official language of Kyrgyzstan and a significant minority language in the Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China and in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan. There is a very high level of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz, Kazakh, and Altay. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as Pamiri Kyrgyz is spoken in north-eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. Kyrgyz is also spoken by many ethnic Kyrgyz through the former Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Turkey, parts of northern Pakistan, and Russia.

modern_language natural_language China Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan

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Kazakh. Kazakh is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by the Kazakhs. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak. It is the official language of Kazakhstan, and has official status in the Altai Republic of Russia. It is also a minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China, and in the Bayan-??lgii Province of western Mongolia. The language is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs throughout the former Soviet Union, Germany, and Turkey.

modern_language natural_language Azerbaijan China Germany Iran Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Russia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan

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Putonghua. Standard Chinese, often colloquially called Mandarin Chinese, is the modern standardized form of Mandarin Chinese, largely based on the Beijing dialect. It is the official lingua franca of the People's Republic of China, one of the six official languages of the United Nations and one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the national languages of Taiwan. It is a pluricentric language with local variations in Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore, which mainly differ in accent and lexicon.

modern_language standard_language China

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Standard Chinese. Standard Chinese, often colloquially called Mandarin Chinese, is the modern standardized form of Mandarin Chinese, largely based on the Beijing dialect. It is the official lingua franca of the People's Republic of China, one of the six official languages of the United Nations and one of the four official languages of Singapore, and one of the national languages of Taiwan. It is a pluricentric language with local variations in Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore, which mainly differ in accent and lexicon.

language2 modern_language standard_language Brunei China Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Taiwan

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Uzbek. Uzbek is a Karluk Turkic language spoken by Uzbeks. It is the official and national language of Uzbekistan and formally succeeded Chagatai, an earlier Karluk language endonymically called T??rki or T??rk??e, as the literary language of Uzbekistan in the 1920s.

macrolanguage modern_language natural_language Afghanistan China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

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Tatar. Tatar is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars mainly located in modern Republic of Tatarstan, wider Volga-Ural region, as well as many other regions of Russia. Tatar belongs to the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages, the same branch as Bashkir, Kazakh, Nogai and Kyrgyz.

modern_language natural_language Australia China Finland Poland Romania Russia Turkey United States

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Buryat. Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.

macrolanguage modern_language natural_language China Mongolia Russia

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Tuvan. Tuvan, also spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia.

modern_language natural_language China Mongolia Russia

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Chinese. Chinese is an umbrella term for all Sinitic languages, widely recognized as a collection of language varieties, spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China, as well as by various communities of the Chinese diaspora. Approximately 1.39??billion people, or 17% of the global population, speak one of the varieties of Chinese as their first language.

China Singapore Taiwan

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Portuguese. Portuguese is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family, written in the Latin script. With approximately 267 million native speakers, it is the fifth-most spoken native language in the world, and the most widely spoken language in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the official language of nine countries ??? Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, S??o Tom?? and Pr??ncipe, Equatorial Guinea, and Timor-Leste ??? and is co-official with other languages in Macau and Equatorial Guinea.

Angola Brazil Cape Verde China East Timor Guinea Bissau India Mozambique Portugal Sao Tome & Principe Spain Taiwan

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