Udmurt language. Udmurt (; Cyrillic: ????????????) is a Permic language spoken by the Udmurt people who are native to Udmurtia. As a Uralic language, it is distantly related to languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Mansi, Khanty, and Hungarian. The Udmurt language is co-official with Russian within Udmurtia. It is written using the Cyrillic alphabet with the addition of five characters not used in the Russian alphabet: ??/??, ??/??, ??/??, ??/??, and ??/??. Together with the Komi and Permyak languages, it constitutes the Permic grouping of the Uralic family. The Udmurt language shares similar agglutinative structures with its closest relative, the Komi language. Among outsiders, it has traditionally been referred to by its Russian exonym, Votyak. Udmurt has borrowed vocabulary from neighboring languages, mainly from Tatar and Russian. In 2010, per the Russian census, there were around 324,000 speakers of the language in the country, out of the ethnic population of roughly 554...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:25
Language
Tuvan language. Tuvan (Tuvan: ???????? ??????, tyva dyl, [t????????a t??l]) is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South-Central Siberia in Russia. The language has borrowed a great number of roots from the Mongolian language, Tibetan and the Russian language. There are small diaspora groups of Tuvan people that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in the People's Republic of China and in Mongolia.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:24
Tuvan language. Tuvan, sometimes spelt Tyvan, is a Turkic language spoken in the Republic of Tuva in South Central Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia. History The earliest record of Tuvan is from the early 19th century by W??l??y??s??t??i zh??l???? (Chinese: ?????????????????????), Julius Klaproth 1823, Matthias Castr??n 1857, Nikolay Katanov, Vasily Radlov, etc. The name Tuva goes back as early as the publication of The Secret History of the Mongols. The Tuva (as they refer to themselves) have historically been referred to as Soyons, Soyots or Uriankhais. Classification Tuvan (also spelled Tyvan) is linguistically classified as a Sayan Turkic language. Its closest relative is the moribund Tofa. Tuvan, as spoken in Tuva, is principally divided into four dialect...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:24
Language
Tatar language. Tatar (?????????? ????????, tatar tele or ??????????????, tatar??a) is a Turkic language spoken by Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar, which are closely related but belong to different subgroups of the Kipchak languages.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:23
Tatar language. Tatar ( TAH-t??r; ?????????? ????????, tatar tele or ??????????????, tatar??a) is a Turkic language spoken by the Volga Tatars mainly located in modern Tatarstan (European Russia), as well as Siberia. It should not be confused with Crimean Tatar or Siberian Tatar, which are closely related but belong to different subgroups of the Kipchak languages. Geographic distribution The Tatar language is spoken in Russia by about 5.3 million people, and also...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:22
Language
Ossetian language. Ossetian (/????s??ti??n/, /????si??????n/, /o????si??????n/), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (???????? ??????????, ir??n ??vzag), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and is one of the few Iranian languages spoken in Europe; it is a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:21
Ossetian language. Ossetian ( o-SET-ee-??n, o-SEE-sh??n, oh-SEE-sh??n), commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (???????? ??????????, romanized: iron ??vzag pronounced [i??ron ??v??z????] southern; [i??ron ??v????????] northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Russian-Georgian border in the Greater Caucasus region. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages. The northern half of the Ossetian region is part of Russia and is known as North Ossetia???Alania...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:21
Language
Nogai language. Nogai (/no??????a??/; ?????????? ????????, Nogay tili, ??????????????, Nogay??a) also known as No??ay, Noghay, Nogay, or Nogai Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken in Southeastern European Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania and in Turkey. It is the ancestral language of the Nogais. As a member of the Kipchak branch, it is closely related to Kazakh, Karakalpak and Crimean Tatar (northern dialect). In 2014 the first Nogai novel (Ak??a Nenem) was published, written in the Latin alphabet.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:20
Nogai language. Nogai ( noh-GHY; ?????????? ????????, Nogay tili, ??????????????, Nogay??a) also known as No??ay, Noghay, Nogay, or Nogai Tatar, is a Turkic language spoken in Southeastern European Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey. It is the ancestral language of the Nogais. As a member of the Kipchak branch, it is closely related to Kazakh, Karakalpak and Crimean Tatar. In 2014 the first Nogai novel (Ak??a Nenem) was published, written in the Latin alphabet. Classification Nogai is generally classified into the Kipchak???Nogai branch of Kipchak Turkic. The...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:20
Language
Moksha language. Moksha (?????????????? ????????, mok??e?? k????, pronounced [??m??k????n?? k????l??]) is a Mordvinic language of the Uralic family, with around 130,000 native speakers in 2010.Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia.Its closest relative is the Erzya language, with which it is not mutually intelligible. Moksha is also possibly closely related to the extinct Meshcherian and Muromian languages.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:20
Moksha language. Moksha (?????????????? ????????, mok?????? k????, pronounced ['m??k????n?? k????l??]) is a Mordvinic language of the Uralic family, spoken by Mokshas, with around 130,000 native speakers in 2010. Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia. Its closest relative is the Erzya language, with which it is not mutually intelligible. Moksha is also possibly closely related to the extinct Meshcherian and Muromian languages. History Cherapkin's Inscription There is very little historical evidence of the use of Moksha from the distant past. One notable exception are inscriptions on so-called mordovka silver coins issued under Golden Horde rulers around...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:19
Mari language. The Mari language (?????????? ??????????, IPA: [m??????ij ??j??lme]; Russian: ?????????????????? ????????, IPA: [m????r??ijsk????j j????z??k]), formerly known as the Cheremiss language, spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic of the Russian Federation, as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals. Mari speakers, known as the Mari, are found also in the Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Perm regions. Mari is the titular and official language of its republic, alongside Russian. The Mari language today has three standard forms: Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, and Meadow Mari. The latter is predominant and spans the continuum...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:18
Language
Mari language. The Mari language (Mari: ?????????? ??????????, marij jylme; Russian: ?????????????????? ????????, mariyskiy yazyk), formerly known as the Cheremiss language, spoken by approximately 400,000 people, belongs to the Uralic language family. It is spoken primarily in the Mari Republic (Mari: ?????????? ????, Marij El, i.e., 'Mari land') of the Russian Federation as well as in the area along the Vyatka river basin and eastwards to the Urals. Mari speakers, known as the Mari, are found also in the Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia, and Perm regions. Mari is the titular and official language of its republic, alongside Russian.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:18
Crimean Tatar language. Crimean Tatar (q??r??mtatar tili, ?????????????????????? ????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????), also called Crimean (q??r??m tili, ???????????? ????????, ???????? ??????), is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean Tatar diasporas of Uzbekistan, Turkey and Bulgaria, as well as small communities in the United States and Canada. It should not be confused with Tatar, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the two languages are related, but belong to different subgroups of the Kipchak languages, while maintaining a significant degree of mutual intelligibility. Crimean Tatar...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:17
Language
Crimean Tatar language. Crimean Tatar (q??r??mtatar tili, ?????????????????????? ????????) also called Crimean (q??r??m tili, ???????????? ????????), is a Kipchak Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean Tatar diasporas of Uzbekistan, Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria, as well as small communities in the United States and Canada. It should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Tatarstan and adjacent regions in Russia; the languages are related, but belong to two different subgroups of the Kipchak languages and thus are not mutually intelligible. It has been extensively influenced by nearby Oghuz dialects.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:17
Language
Komi language. The Komi language (: ???????? ??????, Komi kyv), also known as Zyryan, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (Komi: ????????-?????????? ??????, Komi-zyrjan kyv), is one of the two regional varieties of the pluricentric Komi language, the other regional variety being Permyak. Komi is natively spoken by the Komi peoples native to the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010. Komi has a standardized form.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:17
Komi language. Komi (???????? ??????, komi kyv), also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan (?????????? ???????? ??????, zyran komi kyv), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permian languages; the other regional variety is Komi-Permyak. Komi is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia. There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010. It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in the 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:16
Language
Karachay-Balkar. Karachay-Balkar (????????????????-?????????????? ??????, Qara??ay-Malqar til), or Mountain Turkic (?????????? ??????, Tawlu til), is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay???Cherkessia, European Russia, as well as by an immigrant population in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem, which pronounces two phonemes as /t??/ and /d??/ and Malkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as /ts/ and /z/. The modern Karachay-Balkar written language is based on the Karachay-Baksan-Chegem dialect. The language is closely related to Kumyk.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:13
Karachay-Balkar. Karachay???Balkar (????????????????-?????????????? ??????, Qara??ay-Malqar til), or Mountain Turkic (?????????? ??????, Tawlu til), is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay???Cherkessia, European Russia, as well as by an immigrant population in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem, which pronounces two phonemes as /t??/ and /d??/ and Malkar, which pronounces the corresponding...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:13
Kalmyk Oirat. Kalmyk Oirat (Kalmyk: ???????????? ???????????? ????????, Ha??mg ????rdin keln, IPA: [xal????m??k ????r??din ke??l??n]), commonly known as the Kalmyk language (Kalmyk: ???????????? ????????, Ha??mg keln, IPA: [xal????m??k ke??l??n]), is a variety of the Mongolian language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat Mongolian (based on the Torgut dialect), which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2021, there are 110,000 speakers out of an ethnic population consisting...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:13
Language
Kalmyk Oirat. Kalmyk Oirat (Kalmyk: ???????????? ???????????? ????????, Ha??mg ????rdin keln, IPA: [xal????m??k ????r??din ke??l??n]), commonly known as the Kalmyk language (Kalmyk: ???????????? ????????, Ha??mg keln, IPA: [xal????m??k ke??l??n]), is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat language (based on the Torgut dialect), which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "Definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2010, there are 80,500 speakers of an ethnic population consisting of 183,000 people.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:12
Kabardian language. Kabardian (), also known as East Circassian, is a Northwest Caucasian language, that is considered to be the east dialect of Adyghe language. While some Soviet linguists have treated the two as distinct languages, the Circassians (including Kabardian people) consider the eastern and western language variants to be dialects of one Circassian language. It is spoken mainly in parts of the North Caucasus republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia (Eastern Circassia), and in Turkey, Jordan and Syria (the extensive post-war diaspora). It has 47 or 48 consonant phonemes, of which 22 or 23 are fricatives, depending upon whether one counts [h] as phonemic, but it has only 3 phonemic vowels. It is one of very few languages to possess a clear phonemic distinction between ejective affricates and ejective fricatives. Some linguists...
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:11
Language
Kabardian language. Kabardian (/k????b????rdi??n/; ??????????????????-???????????????? locally [qabar??de??bza] ; Adyghe: K????????????????-A??????????????/K??????????????????????, romanized: Q??b??rtay-Ad??gabz??/Q??b??rtaybz??), also known as East Circassian, is a Northwest Caucasian language closely related to the Adyghe (West Circassian) language. Circassian nationalists reject the distinction between the two languages and refer to them both as "Circassian". Like all other Northwest Caucasian languages, Kabardian is ergative and has an extremely complex verbal system.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:11
Language
Buryat language. Buryat, or Buriat (/??b??ri??t/; Buryat Cyrillic: ???????????? ??????????, buryaad xelen, [bur????a??t x????l????]), known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety of the Mongolic languages spoken by the Buryats and Bargas that is classified either as a language or major dialect group of Mongolian.
wikidata.org 0 views · 2024-12-26 21:53:10
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