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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations (UN). Its job is to "provide governments at all levels with scientific information that they can use to develop climate policies". The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) set up the IPCC in 1988. The UN endorsed the creation of the IPCC later that year. It has a secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, hosted by the WMO. It has 195 member states who govern the IPCC. The member states elect a bureau of scientists to serve through an assessment cycle. A cycle is usually six to seven years. The bureau selects experts in their fields to prepare IPCC reports.
There is a formal nomination process by governments and observer organizations to find these experts. The IPCC has three working groups and a task force, which carry out its scientific work.
Arctic Council. The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic region. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, and these constitute the member states of the council: Canada; Denmark; Finland; Iceland; Norway; Russia; Sweden; and the United States. Other countries or national groups can be admitted as observer states, while organizations representing the concerns of indigenous peoples can be admitted as indigenous permanent participants.
European Union. The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. A supranational union with a total area of 4,233,255??km2 (1,634,469??sq??mi) and an estimated population of over 450??million as of 2025, its member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around ???18.802 trillion in 2025, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. The EU is often described as a sui generis political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.
org_gdb_OrganizationAfricaAlbaniaAndorraBelarusBosnia and HerzegovinaBrazilBulgariaCroatiaCzech RepublicDenmarkEuropeHungaryLiechtensteinMoldovaMonacoMontenegroMoroccoNorth AmericaNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSloveniaSpainSurinameSwitzerlandTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomVatican City
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