natural language
Tetum. Tetun is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Timor. It is one of the official languages of Timor-Leste and it is also spoken in Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which form the eastern part of Indonesian West Timor adjoining Timor-Leste.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaEast TimorIndonesiaPortugal
wikidata.org 3 views · 2w ago
Scottish Gaelic. Scottish Gaelic, also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic, Scottish Gaelic, alongside both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names.
modern_languagenatural_languageAustraliaCanadaNew ZealandUnited KingdomUnited States
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Scots. Scots is a language variety of West Germanic origin. It is an Anglic language and descended from Early Middle English; therefore, Modern Scots is a sister language of Modern English. Scots is classified as an official language of Scotland, a regional or minority language of Europe, and a vulnerable language by UNESCO. In a Scottish census from 2022, over 1.5??million people in Scotland reported being able to speak Scots.
modern_languagenatural_languageIrelandUnited Kingdom
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Cornish. Cornish is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Cornish people and their homeland, Cornwall. Along with Welsh and Breton, Cornish descends from Common Brittonic, a language once spoken widely across Great Britain. For much of the medieval period Cornish was the main language of Cornwall, until it was gradually pushed westwards by the spread of English. Cornish remained a common community language in parts of Cornwall until the mid-18th century, and there is some evidence for traditional speakers persisting into the 19th century.
modern_languagenatural_languageUnited Kingdom
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Welsh. Welsh is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales by about 18% of the population, by some in England, and in Y Wladfa. Historically, it has also been known in English as British, Cambrian, Cambric and Cymric.
modern_languagenatural_languageArgentinaUnited Kingdom
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Romansh. Romansh is a Romance language of the Gallo-Romance and/or Rhaeto-Romance branch of languages spoken predominantly in the Swiss canton of the Grisons (Graub??nden). Romansh has been recognized as a national language of Switzerland since 1938, and as an official language in correspondence with Romansh-speaking citizens since 1996, along with German, French, and Italian. It also has official status in the canton of the Grisons alongside German and Italian and is used as the medium of instruction in schools in Romansh-speaking areas. It is sometimes grouped by linguists with Ladin and Friulian as the Rhaeto-Romance languages, though this is disputed.
modern_languagenatural_languageSwitzerland
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Tamil. Tamil is a Dravidian language spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia where they are concentrated in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. It is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world, attested since c. 300 BCE.
modern_languagenatural_languageIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMalaysiaMauritiusSingaporeSouth AfricaSri Lanka
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Yiddish. Yiddish, historically Judeo-German or Jewish German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew and to some extent Aramaic. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages, and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia & HerzegovinaBrazilCanadaCosta RicaEstoniaFranceGermanyHungaryIsraelLatviaLithuaniaMexicoMoldovaNetherlandsPanamaPolandRomaniaRussiaSouth AfricaSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguay
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Occitan. Occitan, also known by its native speakers as lenga d'??c, sometimes also referred to as Proven??al, is a Romance language spoken in southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as in the Catalonian Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. It is also spoken in the southern Italian province of Cosenza. There it is referred to as Gardiol, which is considered a separate Occitanic language. The linguistic distance between Catalan and some Occitan dialects is similar to the distance between different Occitan dialects, and Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative. Occitan has a particularly rich lexicon. Lo Panoccinari, considered the most comprehensive dictionary ever published in this language, records over 250,000 unique words.
modern_languagenatural_languageFranceItalyMonacoSpain
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Basque. Basque is a language spoken by Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of southwestern France and northern Spain. Basque is the only known language isolate in all of Europe. The Basques are indigenous to and primarily inhabit the Basque Country. Basque has 806,000 speakers: 93.7% (756,000) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.3% (51,000) are in the French portion.
modern_languagenatural_languageFranceSpain
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Language
Romani. Romani is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people. The largest Romani dialects are Vlax Romani, Balkan Romani (600,000), and Sinte Romani (300,000). Some Romani communities speak mixed languages based on the surrounding language with retained Romani-derived vocabulary ??? these are known by linguists as Para-Romani varieties, rather than dialects of the Romani language itself.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageAlbaniaAustriaBosnia & HerzegovinaColombiaDenmarkFinlandGermanyHungaryMontenegroNorth MacedoniaNorwayPolandRomaniaSerbiaSlovakiaSweden
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Azerbaijani. Azerbaijani or Azeri is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch. It is spoken primarily by the Azerbaijani people, who are native to the Azerbaijan region of Iran, as well as the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Iranian Azerbaijanis speak South Azerbaijani, while the ones in the Republic speak North Azerbaijani; but it is unclear whether these two varieties form one language, as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) considers Northern and Southern Azerbaijani to be distinct languages.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageAfghanistanArmeniaAzerbaijanGeorgiaGermanyIranIraqKazakhstanKyrgyzstanRussiaSyriaTurkeyTurkmenistanUkraineUnited StatesUzbekistan
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Kabardian. Kabardian, also known as East Circassian, is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the eastern subgroups of Circassians. Native to Circassia in the Caucasus, it is official in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, but is mostly spoken in the Circassian diaspora.
modern_languagenatural_languageGermanyJordanRussiaSaudi ArabiaSyriaTurkeyUnited States
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Ossetian. Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete, is an Eastern Iranic language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus, on the Russia-Georgia border. It is the native language of the Ossetian people, and a relative and possibly a descendant of the extinct Scythian, Sarmatian, and Alanic languages.
modern_languagenatural_languageGeorgiaRussiaTurkey
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Komi. Komi, also known as Zyran, Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan, is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permic languages; the other regional varieties are Komi-Permyak, which has official status, and Komi-Yazva.
macrolanguagemodern_languagenatural_languageRussia
wikidata.org 3 views · 2w ago
Lak. Lak is a Northeast Caucasian language forming its own branch within the family. It is the language of the Lak people from the Russian autonomous republic of Dagestan, where it is one of six official languages. It is spoken by about 157,000 people.
modern_languagenatural_languageRussia
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Kumyk. Kumyk is a Turkic language spoken by about 520,000 people, mainly by the Kumyks, in the Dagestan, North Ossetia and Chechen republics of the Russian Federation. Until the 20th century Kumyk was the lingua franca of the Northern Caucasus.
modern_languagenatural_languageRussia
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Aghul. Aghul is a Lezgic language within the Northeast Caucasian family, primarily spoken by the Aghuls in Azerbaijan and Southern Dagestan in Russia. It is spoken by about 33,200 people.
modern_languagenatural_languageRussia
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Rutulian. Rutul or Rutulian is a language spoken by the Rutulians, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 30,000 people in Dagestan and 17,000 in Azerbaijan. The word Rutul derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.
modern_languagenatural_languageAzerbaijanRussia
wikidata.org 2 views · 2w ago
Tsakhur. Tsakhur is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by the Tsakhurs in northern Azerbaijan and southwestern Dagestan (Russia). It is spoken by about 11,700 people in Azerbaijan and by about 10,600 people in Russia. The word Tsakhur derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.
modern_languagenatural_languageAzerbaijanRussia
wikidata.org 3 views · 2w ago
Ukrainian. Ukrainian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Ukraine. It is the first (native) language of a large majority of Ukrainians.
modern_languagenatural_languageBelarusCanadaCzech Rep.HungaryKazakhstanMoldovaPolandRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovakiaUkraineUnited States
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Lezgian. Lezgian, also called Lezgi or Lezgin, is a Northeast Caucasian language. It is spoken by the Lezgins, who live primarily in southern Dagestan???where it is an official language???and northern Azerbaijan. It is classified as "vulnerable" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.
modern_languagenatural_languageAzerbaijanRussia
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Chuvash. Chuvash is a Turkic language spoken in Volga-Ural region of Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages, one of the two principal branches of the Turkic family.
modern_languagenatural_languageKazakhstanRussiaUkraineUzbekistan
wikidata.org 3 views · 2w ago
Chechen. Chechen is a Northeast Caucasian language, spoken primarily by the Chechen people, native to the Russian republic of Chechnya, as well as its neighbouring republics. With approximately 1.8 million speakers, it is also spoken by members of the Chechen diaspora throughout Russia and the rest of the world.
modern_languagenatural_languageGeorgiaJordanKazakhstanRussiaTurkeyEuropean Union
wikidata.org 3 views · 2w ago
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